Strategic Report on Delta Airlines - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1537 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction The airline of our group research is Delta Airlines which is one of the most famous international airlines in the world. And this article is going to discuss the comparison and contrast with another famous airline, Singapore Airlines. Besides, it will also evaluate how they will get today business scale through analysis their growth strategy. Comparison and Contrast According to the web page of Delta Newsroom, Delta Airlines was a dusting services organization, which named Huff Daland Dusters, in U.S. in 1924. One of the Delta partners, C. E. Woolman bought it in 1928 and changed it to provide the air mail services and its name Delta Air Services. Moreover, after Woolman took over the company, it started to services the passenger in 1929 which just serviced 5 passengers with only one route from Dellas, Texas to Jackson, Mississippi (Delta Newsroom). In 1945, Delta was officially changed its name to be Delta Airlines (Delta Newsroom). Its servic es hub had become from 1 to around 11 and flying over 119 countries with 606 destinations in nowadays. Moreover, its annual passenger is around165 million with around 5400 daily flights (Delta Newsroom). Besides, its net profit is around US$10.54 billion in 2013 (Karp 2014). Delta Airlines has become to be today business scale which was mainly depend on its growth strategy of mergers and acquisition in pass few decades (Ireland, Hoskisson Hitt 2008). Comparing with Singapore Airlines, it also is one of the famous Airlines in the world. According to the web page Singapore Airlines, It was found in 1947 that cooperated with Malaysia Airlines firstly. Its original name was Malaysia-Singapore Airline. However, in 1972 Singapore Airlines suspended to cooperate with Malaysia Airlines and established its hub in Singapore. When it started the business it already has around 18 destinations with 20 airports that including the international flights of Europe, the Middle East and Australia etc and around 6200 staff which already have the related industry experience (Chua n.d.). Until 2014, Singapore Airlines expand to be over 30 destinations with more than 60 airports (Singapore Airlines website). And in 2013-2014 fiscal year, Singapore Airlines got US$ 288 million net profit (Torr, 2014). That is far different from Delta Airlines when Singapore Airlines officially started its business as the business of Singapore Airlines has already tending to be mature. However the business scale of Singapore Airlines is less than Delta Airlines nowadays. On the other hand, the first passenger service flight of Delta Airlines is the domestic flight from Texas to Mississippi. And the Singapore Airlines doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have any domestic flight, it just operate international flight. Moreover, Singapore Airlines has Singapore government support. Such as the Singapore government signed a lot of agreement with other countries to support the developing of Singapore Airlines (C hua n.d.). Besides, the Singapore government owned company, Temasak Holding (Pte) Ltd, is one of the shareholders of Singapore Airlines which holds around 56.15% stake of Singapore Airlines (Singapore Airlines website). Meanwhile, Singapore Airlines is mainly utilizing an organic growth strategy to develop its business (Roll 2005). All of these are also different from Delta Airlines. Although Delta Airlines and Singapore Airlines have a lot of difference of starting the business and its growth strategy, they also utilize the alliance strategy, Delta Airline is Sky Team and Singapore Airlines is Star Alliance, to enlarge its business network (Sky Team website and Star Alliance website). Moreover, Singapore Airlines has mergers and acquisition with 49% stake of Virgin Atlantic such as Delta Airlines, however it sold the 49% stake to Delta Airlines in 2012 (Singapore Airlines website).Besides, they also seem to face a similar macro environment. According to our research portfolio in Chapter 2, PESTEL and Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces analysis that can refer to appendix 2 and 3 for simply analysis, they need to be threat by higher level of bargaining power of suppliers such as fuel and aircraft suppliers and rivalry competitive in the industry with other airlines. Moreover, they also need to face the impact of deregulation that causes the price war with other competitors. Evaluation of growth strategy According to the above discussion, it related that Delta Airlines is utilizing the strategy of mergers and acquisition to grow its business to become today position. And its first Mergers and Acquisition was starting from 1953, Delta bought Chicago and Southern Air lines and its first international flight in Caribbean and Caracas region had been developed. Then in the later few decades, Delta had another merger and acquisition actions. Through the merger and acquisition strategy, Delta Airlines earned a lot of equity, routes and facilities from those airlines. Therefore, the company scale had been become even bigger and its merger and acquisition time liner such as below table: Table 1 Besides, Delta Airline also use the differentiation strategy to make it different from its competitors to grow its business such as it is first to utilize radio frequency identification (RFID) Tag to check the baggage location through internet. That can help Delta Airlines to save the cost around US$100 million a year to avoid losing the baggage (Rosencrance 2014). Besides, it develops à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Skymileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to the customers to earn the mile for rewarding the free travel to attract more passengers (Delta Airlines website). Moreover, it also utilizes the technology such as twitter and facebook to interact with the passenger, thus it also got an award of Top Tech-Friendly U.S. Airline in 2012 (Delta Newsroom). Meanwhile Delta Airlines establish Delta TechOps to maintain its own fleet and to provide maintenances services to other company (Delta TechOps website). And it has reduce the threat by supplier and cut its operation cost as well. All of these strategies led Delta Airlines to reach today business scale. And Singapore Airlines, it is mainly based on the organic growth strategy to develop its business. Singapore Airlines develop a lot of different new routes as the Singapore government signed the agreement with the government of New Zealand, Indonesia and Japan etc. before (Chua n.d.).Besides, the Singapore Airlines utilizes the differentiation strategy as well to enlarge its business scale such as it is first to provide free choice of meal and free drink in an economy class in 1970s (Singapore Airlines website). Singapore Airlines seems to be become an industry dominator to provide a lot of services to its passenger for attracting more passengers. It desires to build up a good branding of Singapore Airlines as well. Therefore, it also creates its branding through well training its staff su ch as providing four month training to its carbine crews that is longer than regular two months training of western airlines (Marquardt 2012). It creates a good image of its carbine crew which name Singapore girls that represent always elegant images as an ambassador of Singapore Airlines to attract the customer (Singapore Airlines website). Therefore, it also got one of the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Top Airlines award in 2014 (World Airlines Awards website). On the other hand, Singapore Airlines use the modern and new fleet of aircraft (Chua n.d.). The new and modern aircraft of Singapore Airlines build a good perspective to the customer for enhancing its profits sales. Besides, the new aircraft seems to reduce the maintenance time that can also decline the maintenance cost as well. Singapore Airlines is utilizing all of these strategies to develop its business to reach today position. Conclusion In conclude that, a different strategy has a different result and that also af fect the development of its business scale such as Delta Airlines and Singapore Airlines. Delta Airlines utilize the mergers and acquisition strategy and Singapore Airlines utilize organic growth strategy. Therefore, their business scale has significantly different from each other. Meanwhile it found that effective growth strategy should also coordinate with other kind of strategies to attract more customers for enhancing the company growth such as Delta Airlines and Singapore Airlines which also coordinate with the differentiation strategy to enlarge its profits sales. One more important thing that, choosing the different growth strategy also depends on its sources such as Singapore Airlines which has Singapore governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial support, in contrast with Delta Airlines, it has even enough source to be organic growth. Appendix 1 Deltaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s M A timeline Appendix 2 PESTEL Analysis Appendix 3 Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces An alysis Reference Chua, A n.d., Singapore Airlines (SIA). Accessed on 8 Nov 2014 https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1705_2010-08-10.html Delta-Newsroom. Accessed on 25 Sep 2014 https://news.delta.com/History Delta TechOps websirte. Accessed on 8 Nov 2014 https://www.deltatechops.com/ Ireland, RD, Hoskisson, R Hitt, M 2008, Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts and cases, Cengage Learning. Karp, A 2014, Delta Air Lines earns $10.5 billion 2013 net profit. Accessed on 8 Nov 2014 https://atwonline.com/finance-amp-data/delta-air-lines-earns-105-billion-2013-net-profit Marquardt, M 2012, Global Leaders for the Twenty-First Century, SUNY Press. Roll, M 2005, Asian Brand Strategy: How Asia Builds Strong Brands, Palgrave Macmillan. Rosencrance, L 2004, Delta to use RFID tags to tack luggage. Accessed on 8 Nov 2014 https://www.computerworld.com/article/2564693/mobile-wireless/delta-to-use-rfid-tags-to-track-luggage.html S ingapore Airlines website. Accessed on 8 Nov 2014 https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/about-us/sia-history/ Sky Team website. Accessed on 8 Nov 2014 https//www.skyteam.com/en/ Star Alliance website. Accessed on 8 Nov 2014 https://www.staralliance.com/en/ Torr, J 2014, Singapore Airlines annual net profit down 5%, operating profit up 13%. Accessed on 8 Nov 2014 https://atwonline.com/finance-data/singapore-airlines-annual-net-profit-down-5-operating-profit-13 World Airline Awards website. Accessed on 8 Nov 2014 https://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2014/Airline2014_top20.htm Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic Report on Delta Airlines" essay for you Create order

Summary of Comments on Moro Massacre by Mark Twain Essay

Summery of Comments of Moro Massacre by Mark twain. On March 12th nineteen hundred and six (1906) Mark Twain, celebrated american writer made a work called comments of the Moro massacre. This work concerned the engagement of five hundred and forty (540) U.S Army men with auxiliaries and the Moro of the Philippines which where six hundred in number. The man leading the U.S armed force Major General Leonard Wood and the U.S soldiers were armed with the latest assault rifles and small fire arms of their time, and artillery. The moro were villagers with clubs and other bludgeoning devices, machetes and crude muskets. The battle occurred in a crater. The moro were situated in the crater and american forces attacking, and†¦show more content†¦Mark Twain who was known to be familiar to presidents says that the president didn’t not speak from the heart and says there is nothing fantastic about killing men women and children from a safe place with artillery and modern weapons of warfare. News that confirms children were indeed involved is brought to america. Mark Twain calls it â€Å"splendid news† sarcastically. Mark Twain then says that there are emotions that surface with the mention of the word children. Despite that they are savages the children in any society represent the innocent and uncorrupted therefore they should not be subject to punishment. The Moro rebellion was an of shoot of the Philippine-American war. The american armed forces had defeated the spanish in the naval Battle of Manila Bay. The spanish ceded the Philippines to the United States but never had control of the moro who lived in the Mindanao and surrounding islands. The U.s land about elven thousand troops and wanted to take the place of the spanish as colonial masters which brought about the phillipine-american war. During the war the main influence on the views of americans was the poem called â€Å"The White Man’s Burden† by Rudyard Kipling. Kip ling who was british but influenced americans by the latter taking his poem as a justification for imperialism. The poem also refers to non whites as â€Å"half devil and half child.†

The Lemurs of Kirindy Free Essays

Peter Kappeler’s article entitled, â€Å"The Lemurs of Kirindy,† brought into focus the different behaviors adapted by and that has evolved among the mammals in the Kirindy Forest in the west-central coast of Madagascar.   Of particular interest in the article were the lemurs of Kirindy, which Kappeler described to have evolved and changed their behaviors in order to adapt to the changing seasons and climates of the forest. This paper looks into the process of natural selection among the mammals of Kirindy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lemurs of Kirindy or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The discussion and analysis provided herein posits that natural selection favored the most unusual primate behaviors among lemurs.   More specifically, the position assumed in this discussion asserts that because of the constantly changing physical/natural environment of the forest, lemurs have adapted and underwent the process of evolving biologically, as their response to the natural changes occurring in their physical environment—completing the process of natural selection. The â€Å"pronounced seasonal changes† in the Kirindy forest was described as a combination of either very hot or cold climates, erratically changing each season.   On December to February, the forest does not experience rain, wherein nights reach above freezing point.   In addition to these drastic changes in temperature, primate behaviors also vary during long dry spells or months of continuous rains.   Behaviors of lemurs affected not only include hibernation periods, circadian rhythms, or food hunting patterns, but also reproduction cycles and mating behavior.   Ultimately, the erratic changes in climate in Kirindy influence the survival techniques of lemurs. Indeed, these seasonal changes have affected the circadian rhythms, mating behaviors, and food hunting techniques of the lemurs of Kirindy.   Sifakas are known to adapt a â€Å"calorie-saving† behavior by â€Å"expending less energy† through a decrease in their physical activities and expose themselves to heat as much as possible.   Moreover, sifakas eat plants that have high liquid content, further supporting its survival techniques in order to survive the cold season.   Sifakas’ mating behaviors, meanwhile, have also been inadvertently affected by the seasonal changes in the forest.   Female sifakas give birth during the cold season, and learn to support their young by hunting for plants or leaves with high liquid content and adapting a calorie-saving lifestyle. Fat-tailed lemurs, meanwhile, have also learned to adapt to new behavior in order to survive the cold season in the forest.   The rainy season is a time when fat-tailed lemurs store fat as their food supply for their hibernation period.   They do this by eating high-energy fruits and insects, converting these foods into fat, which is then stored in their tails.   After the rainy season, fat-tailed lemurs get ready for the dry season by hibernating in hollow trees. The sifakas and fat-tailed lemurs are just examples of mammals that have learned to adapt to the environment’s drastic changes, particularly in the Kirindy forest of Madagascar.   Variations and changes in lemur behavior demonstrated that the process of natural selection took place in the forest, wherein the uncontrollable physical conditions that the lemurs lived in led to an alteration of their lifestyles, and ultimately, biological tendencies and reactions to the environment (i.e., Kirindy forest). How to cite The Lemurs of Kirindy, Essay examples

Biomechanics Total Knee Arthoplasty

Question: Discuss about theBiomechanicsfor Total Knee Arthoplasty. Answer: Synopsis The article by Arnold et al., (2015) reports that knee arthroplasty is beneficial for patients at the final stage of knee osteoarthritis to improve their quality of life. The surgery is useful in eliminating abnormal joint mechanics. The researcher reported that several researches has been done on the changes in knee biomechanics after total knee arthoplasty (TKA), however there is few research on relationship between knee biomechanics and functional ability. Hence, Arnold et al., (2015) investigates on the changes in knee biomechanics after total knee arthroplasty and explores its relation of knee biomechanics during walking and physical activity. To carry out they research, they selected 15 participants who were going to have a total knee arthroplasty surgery and did a 3D gait test on them before and after of surgery to determine the movement in each person and any movement related disorders (Shull et al., 2014). Other functional activity like physical activity and use of time was assessed by 24 hour activity recall. The researcher tried to investigate this finding because it has been found that total knee arthroplasty is associated with increased knee function and physical function, however there is little evidence exists regarding the relationship between functional ability of knees due to certain changes in the body (Howell et al., 2013). For this purpose, the research was conducted. This lack of research on the relation between elements of functional ability was their motivation for conducting the research. On analysis of similar research on the topic, the researcher found that research on physical activity after TKA were limited to simple questionnaires and this approach is inefficient in determining the frequency of improvement in functional ability. The researchers felt that the use of high resolution activity recall may help to understand the changes in knee function due to TKA. This was their motivation for carrying out research. Their approach for investigation was to perform same midline incision TKA for all participants and same in patient physiotherapy exercises. A three dimensional gait analysis (like walking speed, peak knee flexion moment, saginal plane knee range of motions) was assessed and time spent in physical activity data were collected using 24 hour activity recall tool. The knee symptoms were judged using scales for pain, stiffness and activities of daily living. The results finding showed that after surgery significant improvement in knee biomechanics and physical activity was observed in participants. This improvement depended on total time spent daily in physical activity and energy expenditure. Hence, improvement in knee function is linked to time spent in physical activity after TKA (Arnold et al., 2015). Content Abstract The abstract of the research has clarity as it clearly introduces the background, purpose and methods employed for carrying out the research. An abstract should be brief summary of the research which a reviewer can clearly understand without reading the whole article. The credibility of the research is understood from the abstract as it clearly explains each phase of the research. It started with giving short background information on the benefits of total knee arthroplasty and the researcher immediately stated the purpose of investigation by stating that there is no valid evidence regarding the relationship between different elements functional ability after TKA (Arnold et al., 2015). The content of the study has summarize in a cohesive manner in the abstract starting from gap in similar to the topic of investigation and then moving to describing the approach used for carrying out investigation (Elo et al., 2014). However, the methods employed could have been presented in a more des criptive manner such as giving examples for certain physical activity profiles and gait analysis. This description is missing in methods part; however the researcher comes back to each type of analysis while stating the results finding in abstract. This is the only limitation of the reporting of research in abstract and it would been easily understood if the specific method were clearly stated before the research findings (Vaismoradi et al., 2013). Overall quality of the writing is good and the researcher has also taken care to inform about future scope of research in this area which is commendable. Introduction The introduction by Arnold et al., (2015) states the purpose of research by clearly stating what is known so far about the topic and what aspects is still ambiguous. The context of the research is clearly expressed by the researcher and it is successful in shifting audience attention to the validity of the research and what new insights the researcher can give after investigation. The introduction starts with stating the benefits of total knee arthroplasty and it describes the importance of assessment of knee function as it helps in evaluation of the success of TKA. It gives idea about hip strength and improvement in physical activity after surgery (Alnahdi et al., 2014). Any introductions of a research work should clearly state the status of research work of the area of study and the background information on the topic. For the article by Arnold et al., (2015), it is necessary to have information about current status of research analysis in knee biomechanics. An introduction can sta rt with brief analysis of research related to knee biomechanics after total knee arthoplasty. For example Athwal et al., (2014) gives information about reason of biomechanic instability after total knee arthroplasty while Levinger et al., (2013) investigated the biomechanical changes in lower limb after TKA. All this elements were efficiently covered by the researcher in the introduction section after analysis of relevant literature. The significance of the study was mentioned by stating that biomechanical data will be a new approach to assess mobility after TKA. Methods The main aspect of method sections of a research article is the variable chosen for the study as this variable will only give the answer to research questions. In reviewing methodology of research by Arnold et al., (2015) it is seen that each method is relevant to assessing the biomechanics of knee movement. For example gait analysis has been done by recording three dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces during walking. The markers fixed in thigh and hips and the variables for the gait analysis included speed of walking, peak knee flexion during initial contact and during peak flexion, knee movement during gait cycle and swing phase. The method used is commendable as it will leave no gap and provide detail analysis of relation between physical movement and knee biomechanics. Yoshida et al., (2013) has shown that quadriceps weakness is the most common post-operative impairment seen patient after TKA. Therefore the variable used for assessing quadriceps weakness in gait anal ysis is absolutely relevant for the area of investigation. The statistical tool was also employed for collecting use of time data for physical activity and it helped in evaluating changes in knee biomechanics by Pearsons correlation coefficients (Arnold et al., 2015). However, the researcher would have gained more appreciation if stress were put on other physical functions such as stair climbing to get more insight into improvement of activities of daily living. Results The results and discussion section must be interlinked with each other to understand the discussion presented for the research. The result of the current research on relation between knee biomechanics and physical activity after TKA is very important. Gait analysis was done before and six months after the surgery to determine the improvement in variables like stiffness, pain and activity limitations. The results finding was accurately presented in a tabular format with use of statistical values for all type of movements like swing time, knee flexion, knee range of motion, walking speed, knee flexion moment and cardence or steps/min. It was reflective of the fact that gait patterns after six months of TKA mostly improved in patients and the walking speed also increased in patients. Another significant finding was that duration of sitting time also reduced by 66 minutes per day post surgical intervention (Arnold et al., 2015). The correlation between knee symptoms and physical activity was accurately presented which was the main purpose of the study and the explanations for each were also discussed clearly by the researcher. Another study is also relevant in this regard as it explains the reason for movement asymmetries such as reduced knee excursion in the operated limb (McClelland et al., 2012) Discussion The interpretation of the findings explicitly explains the rational for each result and the reasons for a trend seen in study. Arnold et al., (2015) was successful in presenting the relation between sagittal plane knee range of movement and peak knee flexion. Positive results in this variable were associated with better ability to do chores while squatting. The researcher also explained that pain and physical activity is negatively correlated which as physical activity improved with improve in symptoms. The credibility of the research was also monitored by comparison with other research findings. However, it is recommended that increase in flexion gap should be controlled as it will lead to positive flexion on patient satisfaction after surgical intervention (Ismailidis et al., 2016). The study also gave a similar limitation of the research by stating that objectively measured knee motion can be better variables for assessing improvement in patients undergoing TKA. General Comments on Research The research is a significant work by the author as it provided the relations between biomechanics and physical activity. The presentation and language used for the study is succinct which clearly explains the rational for each step. The selection criteria of the sample is significant as it helps to remove biasness in the study by excluding patients with history of joint replacement or injection to the knee, patients with other conditions affecting gait and those who already had problems in walking. Another major highlight of the research is the use of research as it gives good visual presentation of the area of limbs which will be assessed during gait analysis and activity profiling. It helped reviewer to easily understand the approach taken for the research. Example of this figures are lower limb market set and model and the use of time profile (Arnold et al., 2015). Reference Alnahdi, A. H., Zeni, J. A., Snyder-Mackler, L. (2014). Hip abductor strength reliability and association with physical function after unilateral total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study.Physical therapy,94(8), 1154-1162. Arnold, J. B., Mackintosh, S., Olds, T. S., Jones, S., Thewlis, D. (2015). Improvements in knee biomechanics during walking are associated with increased physical activity after total knee arthroplasty: BIOMECHANICS AND ACTIVITY AFTER TKA.Journal of Orthopaedic Research,33(12), 1818-1825. doi:10.1002/jor.22969 Athwal, K. K., Hunt, N. C., Davies, A. J., Deehan, D. J., Amis, A. A. (2014). Clinical biomechanics of instability related to total knee arthroplasty.Clinical Biomechanics,29(2), 119-128. Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K., Kyngs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis.Sage Open,4(1), 2158244014522633. Howell, S. M., Howell, S. J., Kuznik, K. T., Cohen, J., Hull, M. L. (2013). Does a kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty restore function without failure regardless of alignment category?.Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research,471(3), 1000-1007. Ismailidis, P., Kuster, M. S., Jost, B., Giesinger, K., Behrend, H. (2016). Clinical outcome of increased flexion gap after total knee arthroplasty. Can controlled gap imbalance improve knee flexion?.Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 1-7. Levinger, P., Menz, H. B., Morrow, A. D., Feller, J. A., Bartlett, J. R., Bergman, N. R. (2013). Lower limb biomechanics in individuals with knee osteoarthritis before and after total knee arthroplasty surgery.The Journal of arthroplasty,28(6), 994-999 McClelland, J., Zeni Jr, J., Haley, R. M., Snyder-Mackler, L. (2012). Functional and biomechanical outcomes after using biofeedback for retraining symmetrical movement patterns after total knee arthroplasty: a case report.journal of orthopaedic sports physical therapy,42(2), 135-144. Shull, P. B., Jirattigalachote, W., Hunt, M. A., Cutkosky, M. R., Delp, S. L. (2014). Quantified self and human movement: a review on the clinical impact of wearable sensing and feedback for gait analysis and intervention.Gait posture,40(1), 11-19. Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study.Nursing health sciences,15(3), 398-405. Yoshida, Y., Mizner, R. L., Snyder-Mackler, L. (2013). Association between long-term quadriceps weakness and early walking muscle co-contraction after total knee arthroplasty.The Knee,20(6), 426-431.